Symptom characteristics of fertilizer and drug damage:
Common symptoms of fertilizer damage include burning seedlings, overgrowth of branches and leaves, lodging, worsening of pests and diseases, wilting, and in severe cases, the entire plant dies.

Common symptoms of pesticide damage:
This includes a series of symptoms such as abnormal physiological changes, growth arrest, plant variation, and even death in plants, such as spots, yellowing, deformities, wilt, growth arrest, shedding, and poor fruit quality.

Several easily confused symptoms:
1. Spot type: The distribution of spot type drug damage on plants is often irregular, mainly manifested on leaves, such as yellow spots, brown spots, and withered spots; Fertilizer damage is usually common, and the parts where symptoms appear in plants are relatively consistent. For example, fertilizer damage caused by excessive nitrogen in cucumber leaves may have small spots in the early stage, with golden edges on the leaves, and in severe cases, the leaves may become scorched.
2. Deformed type: Deformities caused by drug damage can occur in various organs, including curled leaves, clumps, swollen roots, abnormal spikes, and abnormal fruits; The deformity caused by fertilizer damage is also accompanied by changes in leaf color, such as excessive nitrogen in strawberries, which not only distorts new leaves, but also leads to a green and strong green leaf color.
3. Wilt type: The withering caused by pesticide damage has no center of disease, and most of the occurrence process is delayed, with first yellowing and then dead plants, and no browning of the root and stem guiding tissues; The withering caused by fertilizer damage is often caused by burning roots and leaves.
4. Slow growth and stiff type: The slow growth caused by pesticide damage is often accompanied by drug spots or other symptoms of pesticide damage. Improper application of growth inhibitors and herbicides can easily lead to such pesticide damage; The stiffening of fertilizer damage is manifested by poor root growth, which affects the growth potential.

How to alleviate plant pesticide and fertilizer damage?
1. Adequate watering: Irrigation washes the soil while allowing the plant roots to absorb a large amount of water, increasing cell moisture, thereby reducing the relative content of the soil and plant body, and alleviating pesticide damage.
2. Spraying clean water to wash the leaves: If the leaves are damaged by drugs, clean water can be sprayed several times continuously at the affected area to reduce the residual amount of pesticides and fertilizers on the plant leaves.
3. Reasonable use of plant regulators: Top protection has the characteristics of relieving pesticide damage and degrading residues. After pesticide damage occurs, it can be sprayed with Qilin Suiyu!

Plant growth and development require four major factors: water, fertilizer, air, and heat, all of which are related to soil. Therefore, the fertility of the soil directly affects the yield and quality of crops.
How to determine whether the soil is fat or thin? Today, with such advanced technology, scientists and technicians have many high-tech means to detect the fertility level of soil. However, for farmers, what can they do without those high-precision and cutting-edge instruments?

1, Look at the color of the soil
The color of soil is a clear indicator of soil fertility and is also the easiest method to master. Generally, the soil with darker colors is fertile soil, while the soil with lighter colors is lean soil.

2, Look at the depth of the soil layer (cultivation layer)
The soil layer of fertile fields is relatively deep, usually greater than 60 cm (except for paddy fields), while the barren and lean soil is very shallow, even less than 20 cm in severe areas, with only a layer of soil on the surface.

3, Looking at soil suitability for cultivation
Generally, fields with fertile soil have loose soil layers that are easy to cultivate. Dry cultivation is like fragrant ash, while wet cultivation is like saccharification; And in fields with poor soil, the soil layer is sticky and plowing is laborious, "knocking on a hole, hoeing and hoeing a crack".

4, Check for sediment and cracks
Fatty soil is not prone to mud accumulation, and soil cracks are numerous and small; Thin soil is prone to mud accumulation and hardening, with few and large soil cracks.

5, Check the water quality
Water that is slippery and sticky to the feet, and blisters when exposed to sunlight or stepped on, is considered fertile soil; The water quality is light and colorless, and the paddy field does not bubble, or the bubbles are small and easy to disperse, which is thin soil.

6, Check water retention
Water infiltration occurs, but the speed is gentle. A fertile soil can be maintained for about a week by irrigation at once; After irrigation, the water layer that does not infiltrate or rapidly infiltrates along cracks is considered lean soil.

7, Check if there is a night tide
Night tide refers to the phenomenon where the surface soil temperature decreases at night, and the warm water vapor in the deep soil rises. When encountering low-temperature surface soil, it condenses into water and moistens the surface soil. The night tide phenomenon can explain two advantages of soil: first, strong breathability, and warm water vapor can rise. Secondly, the soil layer is deep and can form a temperature difference. So, the soil with night tide phenomenon is basically fertile soil; There is no night tide phenomenon, indicating that the soil is hardened and thin.

8, Looking at fertility retention
Soil is a negatively charged colloid that can exchange and adsorb some cations (i.e. nutrients) to achieve fertilizer retention. These adsorbed nutrients are gradually released from the soil during crop growth for absorption and utilization by crops. Fertile soil usually adsorbs more cations and has a long-lasting fertilizer effect. Poor soil usually has less cation adsorption capacity, and most nutrients are lost with water, resulting in faster fertilizer efficiency.

9, Look at plant species
Any plant has its unique growth habits, and if some plants prefer fertilizer, they will definitely grow more in fertile soil; Some plants are tolerant of poverty, but their growth in poor soil is much better than other plants. So, based on the growth habits of plants, specific plant crops can be used as indicators of soil fertility. For example, the soil that grows red head sauce, goose hair grass, shepherd's purse grass, etc. is usually fertile soil; The soil that grows cowhair grass, duck tongue grass, clover, wild orchid, wild onion, etc. is usually lean soil.

10, Look at animal species
This principle is similar to plants. Fertile soil includes snails, loaches, earthworms, and large locusts; There are mostly thin soil with small ants, large ants, etc.
The local method has its own principles, which may not be as accurate as instruments, but it is also almost guaranteed.

Soil acidification is currently a serious soil problem, a large part of which is due to chronic fertilization. In order to solve the problem of soil acidification, it is necessary to adjust the pH of the soil and neutralize the acidity of the soil, so as to vigorously promote alkaline fertilizers. So what is alkaline fertilizer, the role of alkaline fertilizer.

(Source: Kailong Chuxing Chemical Group, Dr. Agriculture Classroom)

What is an alkaline fertilizer?

Alkaline fertilizers refer to fertilizers that exhibit an alkaline reaction. It can be divided into two categories: chemical alkali fertilizer and physiological alkali fertilizer. For example, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, nitro compound fertilizer, plant ash, quicklime, etc. are all alkaline fertilizers.

Although some manufacturers are now promoting, the heat of alkaline fertilizers continues to rise. However, the land area of ​​is large, and the soil pH in most of the northern regions is slightly alkaline. Therefore, the use of alkaline fertilizers should be judged on a case-by-case basis.

Alkaline fertilizer effect, how to use it

1. Adapt to local conditions

Choose the right fertilizer according to the nature of the soil. For alkaline soils, physiological acid fertilizers, such as nitrogen and potassium fertilizers, should be used. However, alkaline fertilizers such as oxalate and ammonium bicarbonate should no longer be used, especially the use of strong alkaline fertilizers such as lime is strictly prohibited.

Physiological acid fertilizers should be avoided in acid soils, especially fertilizers such as sulfuric acid compound fertilizers. At the same time, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be applied at the same time, because excessive nitrogen fertilizer will cause soil acidification. Applying organic fertilizers and returning straw to the field can also alleviate soil acidification.

2. Precautions for applying alkaline fertilizer

It is strictly forbidden to mix with ammonium fertilizer. Ammonium fertilizer mainly refers to the ammonium salt formed by liquid ammonia, ammonia water and ammonia and acid. If mixed with alkaline fertilizer, the ammonia in the fertilizer will volatilize, resulting in the reduction of nitrogen and fertilizer efficiency.

It is strictly forbidden to mix with quick-acting phosphate fertilizer. Fast-acting phosphate fertilizers are called phosphate fertilizers. Mainly there are superphosphate and so on. If mixed with alkaline fertilizers, it can cause phosphoric acid to degrade, reducing fertilizer efficiency and affecting crop growth.

It is strictly forbidden to mix with rotten organic fertilizer. Since the fully decomposed organic fertilizer contains a lot of nutrients, and nitrogen is mainly in the form of ammonium nitrogen, if an alkaline fertilizer is applied, it will cause ammonia volatilization like ammonium fertilizer, thereby reducing the nitrogen content in the fertilizer.

It is strictly forbidden to mix with certain pesticides. Pesticides like dimethoate, toblen, carbendazim, yeweisan, and Jerusalem artichoke pesticides cannot be used with alkaline fertilizers, which will reduce the efficacy of the pesticides.

(Source: Kailong Chuxing Chemical Group, Dr. Agriculture Classroom)

At present, the country is paying more and more attention to issues such as food safety, soil environment, and national health. my country's grain production is gradually moving from the pursuit of yield to the pursuit of quality and safety, and the importance of medium and trace elements has become increasingly prominent. With the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy and the quality agriculture strategy, fertilizers containing medium and trace elements have ushered in a major opportunity. What are the effects of medium and trace elements on the quality of agricultural products and human health?

1. Calcium: Calcium is both a component of cell membranes and a component of pectin. Therefore, calcium deficiency will not only increase the permeability of cell membranes, but also cause cross-linking and disintegration of cell walls, as well as umbilical rot in tomatoes, peppers, watermelons, bitter pox and water heart disease in apples, etc., which greatly affects the quality of agricultural products. . Calcium application can increase the calcium content of pasture, improve its nutritional value to livestock, and increase the storability of agricultural products. In addition, calcium is an element that is obviously deficient in human food. Calcium application is also extremely important to improve the calcium content of plant food and promote human health.

2. Magnesium: The content of magnesium is also an important quality standard for agricultural products. Insufficient magnesium content in forage grass can lead to magnesium deficiency in animals, causing animal cramps. Insufficient magnesium in the human diet can lead to iron deficiency syndrome, allergies, sleepiness, fatigue, cold feet, body pain and other symptoms. Applying magnesium fertilizer can increase the magnesium content of plant products, and also increase the content of chlorophyll, carotene and carbohydrates, and prevent and treat magnesium deficiency in humans and animals.

3. Sulfur: Sulfur is an element necessary for the synthesis of sulfur-containing amino acids such as cystine, cysteine ​​and methionine. Sulfur deficiency reduces the biological value and food value of protein. Low content of cysteine ​​in cereal grains reduces the baking quality of flour. Sulphur is also required for the synthesis of secondary biomass (such as mustard oil and shallot oil) in some plants (such as onions and crucifers). Therefore, sulfur application can increase the aroma of these plant products and improve their quality.

4. Boron: Boron has an important influence on carbohydrate transport in plants. Therefore, proper application of boron fertilizer can increase the yield of sugar cane. Applying boron can also prevent "stem cracking" caused by boron deficiency and improve the quality of vegetables.

5. Zinc: Zinc deficiency can delay the maturity of plants, thereby affecting the quality of agricultural products. Low levels of zinc in foods often lead to loss of appetite and stunted growth and development in children. Zinc application can increase the zinc content and yield of plant products and prevent zinc deficiency diseases in humans and animals.

6. Iron: Iron in green leaves (such as spinach) and grains is an important source of iron in the human body. Iron deficiency can cause anemia, neurological diseases, infectious diseases and skeletal abnormalities.

Hubei Kailong Chuxing Chemical Group Co., Ltd. uses original military-grade technology, masters the five core technologies of normal temperature chelation technology, ion activation technology, fast-dissolving slow-release technology, and imported chelated medium and micro fertilizers, and concentrates on the research and development of Kailong Nitrocalcium Magnesium Silicon New synergistic fertilizers and high-end nitrosulfur-based full-nutrient vegetable fertilizers are promoted through on-site high-efficiency demonstration field project observation and production, bringing scientific and efficient planting solutions to the fields, effectively solving farmers' actual planting problems, and striving to get through The "last mile" of agricultural planting, creating a value-added service provider for China's smart agriculture. (Zhou Zhongxiong, Wuhan Institute of Smart Agriculture)

(Source: Kailong Chuxing Chemical Group, Dr. Agriculture Classroom)

> Temperature management

1. Management of straw curtains. In winter, for the management of straw curtains or thermal insulation quilts in greenhouses, the practice of "opening late and covering early" is generally implemented. The time should be controlled after the straw curtain is opened in the morning, so that the indoor temperature does not drop. In the afternoon, when the indoor temperature drops to 20 ℃, the curtain should be covered in time to save as much heat as possible and prevent heat loss at night.

2. Multilayer coverage. In the deep winter season, in order to ensure the temperature of the greenhouse, "two films", "three films" or "four films" can be added in the greenhouse. An "apron" film is added around the front or the greenhouse to reduce the loss of indoor heat and enhance the thermal insulation effect.

3. Artificial warming. Artificial warming should take appropriate methods according to the situation, and take energy saving and environmental protection as the principle. For example, use stoves, electric stoves, electric lamps, electric heating fans, greenhouse warming blocks, hot blast stoves, etc. to supplement the temperature; use electric heating wires, floor heating pipes, etc. to supplement the ground temperature. If a hot blast stove is used, it is better to have a wide range of fuel and a movable one. The electric heating wire is generally buried in the shed at a height of 10 cm, and is used when the ground temperature is less than 10-12 °C.

> Lighting management

1. Choose high-quality shed film. It is better to choose the multi-functional composite shed film with high light transmittance, good dripping property and strong weather resistance produced by regular manufacturers to ensure high light transmittance and good temperature performance.

2. Keep the shed film clean. Use a rag, mop, etc. to remove the dust adsorbed on the shed film, the grass clippings scattered by the grass curtain and the fog droplets in the film in time to maintain the high light transmittance of the shed film.

3. Hanging reflective film. Hang the reflective film on the north wall or column of the solar greenhouse or paint the wall white to improve the lighting conditions of the northern vegetable plants and improve the photosynthetic capacity.

4. Artificial lighting. On continuous cloudy days, artificial light is required. Incandescent lamps, sodium lamps, iodine tungsten lamps or special growth lamps for plants can be used. Different types of vegetables use different light sources.

> Water and Fertilizer Management

1. Moisture management. In the deep winter season, on the basis of watering in the early stage, the principle of "five watering and five no watering" is generally mastered, that is, "watering on sunny days, no watering on cloudy days; watering before noon, no watering in the afternoon; watering small, not flooding; Pour warm water, not cold water; dark water, not clear water.” If the crops are short of water, choose the cold current just after, the weather is fine, and use the method of dark irrigation under the film or drip irrigation to avoid lowering the ground temperature.

2. Fertilizer management. In deep winter, vegetable crops grow slowly and require less fertilizer. If top dressing, it should be based on decomposed organic fertilizer and biological bacterial fertilizer, and try to use less chemical fertilizer. When top-dressing chemical fertilizer is needed, it is best to cooperate with drip irrigation to implement integrated management of water and fertilizer. Sunny weather can also be selected, and foliar topdressing can be carried out with spraying of disease prevention agents. After the weather turns warm in late winter and early spring, increase the frequency of watering and fertilization appropriately.

Management of severe weather

1. Management of cold wave and cooling weather. When the facility vegetables encounter severe cold, the following emergency measures can be taken: firstly, adopt methods such as adding film and straw curtains to cover the insulation with multiple layers; secondly, reduce the ventilation time and maintain the temperature; thirdly, use a variety of warming facilities to artificially increase the temperature , It is better to use a special heating lamp, and the smoke exhaust pipe heated by the fire should be tightly sealed to prevent the vegetables from being harmed by smoke leakage.

2. Management of windy weather. First, before the strong wind comes, it is best to use a cloth-covered lamination rope or iron wire to compress between the arch rods, and prevent the lamination rope from fraying the film; the second is to close the vents when the wind is strong during the day, and appropriately increase the lamination line , Tighten and tie it well, and fix the film to prevent wind; third, if there is a strong wind at night, in addition to covering the straw curtain and rain-proof film, press two iron wires or lamination ropes on it horizontally to prevent the strong wind from lifting the shed at night. .

3. Management of snowfall weather. Cover the roof top and wall outside the greenhouse with anti-rain and snow facilities such as plastic film or asbestos tiles in advance to ensure that the wall is not damaged. When encountering heavy snow, add uprights, strengthen the shed body, enhance the compressive capacity, and prevent the shed body from collapsing. Clean up the snow on the shed and the snow on both sides of the shed in time to prevent the shed from absorbing a lot of heat and reducing the temperature in the shed. When removing snow, try to avoid damage to the shed film. After the snow stops, remove the straw curtains and other coverings in time so that the seedlings can see the light. After the continuous cloudy and snowy weather suddenly turns clear, you should first "uncover the flower curtain" at intervals, and pay attention to observe the changes of the seedlings. If you find wilting, immediately return the curtain, and then open it after recovery. Repeat this for 2-3 days, and you can transfer to normal management. .

4. Management of smog and low temperature and lack of sunlight. Haze weather and continuous overcast weather can easily lead to insufficient light, which can easily induce the outbreak and prevalence of pests and diseases. Countermeasures: First, try to strive for scattered light. As long as the temperature is not very low, the straw curtain must be opened to see the light, and the curtain must not be covered; Timely pruning and fork to remove old leaves; third, the supplementary light and temperature lamps can be turned on at the same time, and the reflective screen can be hung to increase the northern light and artificially increase the temperature; the fourth is to reduce or stop watering and top dressing to avoid crop root retting; the sixth is to use aerosols Or dusting agent, control humidity and prevent disease; Fifth, pick melons and fruits in time to reduce nutrient consumption, and spray foliar fertilizer appropriately to enhance the stress resistance of plants.

5. Remedial measures for shed vegetables after freezing. One is to heat up slowly, and the shed cannot be closed immediately to avoid the necrosis of frozen tissues of vegetables due to a sudden rise in temperature; the other is to artificially spray water to increase the air humidity in the shed, stabilize the shed temperature, inhibit the loss of water in the frozen tissue, and promote the tissue to absorb water. ;The third is to cut off the frozen stems, leaves and fruits in time to avoid tissue moldy lesions and cause diseases; the fourth is to apply quick-acting fertilizers, 0.3% chiron ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer (such as: 30-4-0, 27-13- 0, 26-0-0, containing medium and trace elements) + 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or other stimulant products (such as: Kailong liquid bacterial preparation, which contains a variety of medium and trace elements + a variety of biostimulants + BMC compound microbial flora) for foliar spraying; five is to spray some protective agents and medicaments in time to prevent diseases and insects.